A UK-focused glossary covering functional mushrooms, botanical extracts, nootropics, vitamins, minerals, supplement formulation and ingredient-standardisation terminology.
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UK review date: 23 July 2026. This glossary is educational and does not replace product labels, professional healthcare advice or product-specific assessment of permitted nutrition and health claims.
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Functional Mushrooms
Functional mushroom terms used across powders, capsules, gummies, blends and Bodyslam mushroom products.
Functional Mushroom
Functional mushrooms are varieties commonly used in food supplements and wellness routines.
Lion’s Mane
A functional mushroom commonly included in nootropic-style products.
Reishi
A functional mushroom traditionally used in evening or relaxation-focused routines.
Chaga
A functional mushroom commonly used in general wellbeing blends.
Cordyceps
A functional mushroom often used in active-lifestyle or daytime routines.
Maitake
A functional mushroom commonly used in mushroom blends and daily wellbeing routines.
Tremella
A functional mushroom often used in skincare and hydration-focused routines.
Fruiting Body
The fruiting body is the visible mushroom structure and is commonly referenced in mushroom supplement quality discussions.
Mycelium
Mycelium is the root-like network of a fungus and is sometimes used in mushroom supplement production.
Beta-Glucans
Beta-glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides found in mushrooms and other foods.
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates found in mushrooms and plant materials.
Triterpenes
Triterpenes are naturally occurring compounds found in some mushrooms and botanicals.
Mushroom Powder
Mushroom powder is dried and powdered mushroom material used in supplements or blends.
Mushroom Extract
Mushroom extract is a concentrated form produced by extracting selected compounds from mushroom material.
Extract Ratio
Extract ratio describes the amount of raw material used to produce an extract, such as 10:1.
10:1 Extract
A 10:1 extract means ten parts of raw material are used to produce one part of extract, depending on the manufacturing method.
Dual Extract
Dual extract usually refers to mushroom extraction using both water and alcohol-based methods.
Hot Water Extract
Hot water extract refers to mushroom extraction using hot water to draw out water-soluble compounds.
HPMC Capsule
A vegan capsule shell made from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
Vegan-Friendly
Vegan-friendly means the product is formulated without animal-derived ingredients, subject to label confirmation.
Fruiting Body Extract
Fruiting body extract is made from the visible mushroom structure and is often discussed in mushroom supplement quality comparisons.
Myceliated Grain
Myceliated grain is grain that has been colonised by mushroom mycelium. It may contain both fungal material and grain substrate.
Substrate
Substrate is the material a mushroom grows on, such as wood, grain or another growth medium.
Chitin
Chitin is a structural compound found in fungal cell walls and some other natural materials.
Hericenones
Hericenones are naturally occurring compounds associated with Lion’s Mane fruiting bodies.
Erinacines
Erinacines are naturally occurring compounds associated with Lion’s Mane mycelium.
Cordycepin
Cordycepin is a naturally occurring compound associated with Cordyceps species.
Ganoderic Acids
Ganoderic acids are naturally occurring triterpenoid compounds associated with Reishi mushrooms.
Water-Soluble Compounds
Water-soluble compounds dissolve or extract into water and are often discussed in relation to hot-water mushroom extraction.
Alcohol-Soluble Compounds
Alcohol-soluble compounds dissolve or extract into alcohol and are often discussed in relation to dual-extract mushroom products.
Decoction
Decoction is a traditional extraction method that uses hot water to draw compounds from tougher botanical or mushroom material.
Non-Psychoactive Mushroom
A non-psychoactive mushroom is a mushroom not associated with psychedelic effects. Functional mushroom supplements should be distinguished from psychedelic mushrooms.
Psilocybin
Psilocybin is a psychedelic compound found in certain mushrooms. It is not part of standard functional mushroom supplement ranges.
Latin Binomial
A Latin binomial is the two-part scientific name for a species, such as Hericium erinaceus for Lion’s Mane.
Species Name
Species name identifies the exact organism used in a product and helps distinguish between similar mushrooms, plants or extracts.
Botanicals, Nootropics & Supplements
Botanical ingredients, supplement actives and nootropic-style terminology used across Bodyslam, Bodyslam Primal and related ranges.
Ashwagandha
A plant traditionally used in herbal supplement formulations.
Sea Moss
A type of red algae used in food supplements and typically consumed as gel, powder or capsules.
Iodine
Iodine is a mineral naturally present in sea moss and some sea-derived ingredients.
Red Algae
Red algae is a type of seaweed group that includes sea moss.
Irish Moss
Irish moss is another common name used for certain sea moss varieties.
Mineral Content
Mineral content refers to the minerals naturally present in a food or supplement ingredient.
Shilajit
A natural substance found in mountainous regions and used in resin or capsule form.
Fulvic Acid
Fulvic acid is a naturally occurring compound commonly discussed in relation to shilajit.
Humic Acid
Humic acid is a naturally occurring compound found in humic substances such as shilajit.
Trace Minerals
Trace minerals are minerals present in small amounts.
Shilajit Resin
Shilajit resin is a sticky, concentrated form of shilajit.
Purified Shilajit
Purified shilajit refers to shilajit that has been processed to remove unwanted materials.
Tribulus Terrestris
A plant extract commonly used in capsule supplements.
Berberine
A naturally occurring compound found in certain plants and used in supplement form.
Spermidine
A naturally occurring compound found in the body and in some foods, also used in supplement form.
Curcumin
A botanical active found in turmeric and used in some capsule blends.
Vitamin C
A common supplement nutrient included in some formulas.
Vitamin D3
A vitamin ingredient used in some tablet products.
Black Pepper Extract
A botanical ingredient used in some supplement blends.
L-Theanine
An amino-acid type ingredient used in some capsule blends.
Orange Extract
A botanical flavour ingredient used in some tablet products.
Lavender
A botanical ingredient used in some evening-style tablet formulas.
Nootropic
A nootropic is a category of products commonly used as part of routines focused on cognitive performance, focus or mental clarity.
Adaptogen
Adaptogen is a term used for certain botanicals traditionally associated with helping the body adapt to demands; it should be used carefully in marketing copy.
Standardised Extract
A standardised extract is made to contain a consistent level of a specified marker compound.
Active Ingredient
An active ingredient is the main ingredient included for the intended product purpose.
Excipient
An excipient is a supporting ingredient used to help form, stabilise or manufacture a supplement.
RDA
RDA means recommended daily allowance, an older or general nutrition term. UK food-supplement labels more commonly use Nutrient Reference Value (NRV) where an established value exists.
NRV
NRV stands for nutrient reference value and is used on food supplement labels.
Potency
Potency describes the strength or concentration of an ingredient in a product.
Capsule Fill Weight
Capsule fill weight refers to the amount of material inside a capsule.
Daytime Formula
A daytime formula is positioned for use as part of a daytime routine, without making specific health claims.
Evening Formula
An evening formula is positioned for use as part of an evening routine, without making specific health claims.
Stack
A stack is a combination of supplements or ingredients used together as part of a routine.
Cycling
Cycling means using a supplement or ingredient for a set period followed by a break or change in routine.
Tolerance
Tolerance describes a reduced response to an ingredient after repeated use. It should be discussed neutrally and without unsupported claims.
Stimulant-Free
Stimulant-free means a product is formulated without stimulant ingredients such as caffeine or similar actives.
Caffeine-Free
Caffeine-free means a product is formulated without caffeine.
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to adapt and reorganise. It is often discussed in nootropic education, but product claims should be made carefully.
Cholinergic
Cholinergic refers to pathways or compounds associated with acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in normal nervous-system signalling.
Serotonergic
Serotonergic refers to pathways or compounds associated with serotonin. This term is important for safety awareness around some ingredients such as 5-HTP.
Amino Acid
An amino acid is a building block of proteins. Some amino acids, such as L-theanine, are also used in supplement formulas.
Bioactive Compound
A bioactive compound is a naturally occurring or added compound that has a biological role or activity in a product or ingredient context.
Himalayan Shilajit
Himalayan shilajit is shilajit sourced from Himalayan regions and used in resin, capsule or supplement formats.
Mineral Pitch
Mineral pitch is a traditional name sometimes used for shilajit.
Heavy Metal Screening
Heavy metal screening checks for contaminants such as lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium, and is especially important for mineral-rich ingredients.
Iodine Content
Iodine content refers to the amount of iodine present in a product or ingredient, particularly relevant to sea moss and seaweed-derived ingredients.
Carrageenan
Carrageenan is a compound derived from red seaweed and is commonly discussed in relation to sea moss and food-texture ingredients.
Bladderwrack
Bladderwrack is a brown seaweed sometimes used alongside sea moss in supplement blends.
Burdock Root
Burdock root is a botanical ingredient sometimes used in traditional plant-based supplement blends.
Piperine
Piperine is a compound found in black pepper extract and is often included in supplement formulas with curcumin.
Curcuminoids
Curcuminoids are a group of compounds found in turmeric, including curcumin.
Withanolides
Withanolides are naturally occurring compounds associated with ashwagandha.
Saponins
Saponins are naturally occurring plant compounds found in a range of botanicals, including tribulus.
Protodioscin
Protodioscin is a saponin compound commonly discussed as a marker in tribulus extracts.
Alkaloids
Alkaloids are naturally occurring plant compounds. Berberine is often discussed as an alkaloid-type compound.
Standardisation Marker
A standardisation marker is a selected compound used to confirm consistency in a botanical or mushroom extract.
Related Brands & Ranges
Brand and range names connected with this specialist glossary.
Bodyslam
The supplement and wellness range covering mushrooms, sea moss, ashwagandha, shilajit, tribulus, berberine and spermidine.
Bodyslam Primal
A performance-focused extension within the Bodyslam family.
Lewis & Burrows
A premium range arriving soon.
Official UK Sources & Review Note
Last reviewed: 23 July 2026. This glossary is educational and does not replace product labels, professional healthcare advice or product-specific assessment of permitted nutrition and health claims.